Written By:  Dr. Jason Culp, ND CNS

Docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, is an omega-3 fatty acid that plays a critical role in the development and function of the brain, eyes, and immune system. This makes it particularly important for infants and young children, who are rapidly developing these crucial organs and immune function. In this article, we will explore the health benefits of DHA for infants and young children, as well as sources of DHA in their diets and the potential benefits of DHA supplementation.

Why is DHA vital for infants and young children?

One of the essential benefits of DHA for infants and young children is its role in brain development. DHA is a major structural component of the brain and is paramount for the growth and development of neurons, the cells that make up the brain. Research has shown that infants who receive adequate amounts of DHA in their diets have better cognitive development. Additionally, some studies have found that infants supplemented with DHA show improvements in cognitive function and attention span.

DHA is also vital for eye health. It is a significant component of the retina, the part of the eye that senses light and sends signals to the brain. Infants who receive adequate amounts of DHA in their diets have better visual acuity and color vision than those who do not.

In addition to supporting brain and eye health, DHA reduces the risk of certain health conditions. For example, studies have found that infants receiving enough DHA from the diet or supplementation may be less likely to develop allergies, asthma, and eczema. The benefits are likely due to these fatty acids' anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties.

What are some dietary sources of DHA?

Breast milk is one of the best sources of DHA. Breast milk naturally contains high levels of DHA, and research has shown that the level of DHA in breast milk can significantly impact the brain development of infants. Infant formula is often fortified with DHA and other essential nutrients for infants not breastfed.

Additionally, some foods, such as fatty fish and seafood, contain high levels of DHA. Incorporating these foods into the diets of toddlers and young children can help ensure they receive adequate DHA amounts. However, it is crucial to be cautious when introducing these foods to young children, as they can also contain high levels of mercury and other contaminants. Here is an expanded list of foods that contain significant amounts of DHA:

• Fatty fish: salmon, mackerel, herring, anchovies, sardines, trout, tuna, and cod liver oil
• Shellfish: oysters, clams, and shrimp
• Algae and seaweed: spirulina, chlorella, nori, and kelp
• Grass-fed meat: beef, lamb, and bison
• Eggs from chickens fed a DHA-rich diet
• Fortified foods: milk, yogurt, and baby formula with added DHA

While some plant-based foods, such as flaxseeds and walnuts, contain alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which converts to DHA in the body, the conversion rate is relatively low, so it may not be a reliable source of DHA for some people.

What are the benefits of supplementing with DHA?

Supplementation with DHA can help ensure that infants and young children receive adequate nutrient levels. According to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, DHA supplementation during pregnancy and breastfeeding can improve neurological development in infants. Additionally, studies have found that supplementation with DHA can help reduce the risk of certain health conditions, such as asthma and eczema, in children.

Supplementation may be an option for parents concerned that their child may not be getting enough DHA in their diet. However, talking to a healthcare provider before giving supplements to infants or young children is essential.

What are the potential risks of supplementing with DHA?

While DHA is generally considered safe, speaking with a healthcare provider before starting any supplementation regimen is recommended. Some potential adverse effects associated with DHA supplementation include gastrointestinal upset, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or allergic reactions in some infants and young children.

Takeaway points:

In conclusion, DHA is essential for infant and young child development. In addition, these fatty acids support brain and eye health, immune function, and reduce the risk of certain health conditions.

While many infant formulas now contain these fatty acids, it is important to read labels and consult your pediatrician to determine which formula is best for your child.

If breastfeeding, you can increase your levels of DHA by eating foods rich in DHA and taking a supplement, if appropriate. However, as always, it is vital to prioritize your child's health and well-being and seek a medical professional's advice before making any changes to their diet or providing supplementation.